Types of Common Tooth Sensitivities
Posted on 7/1/2025 by Cornell Dental |
 Tooth sensitivity is a common dental problem that can affect people of all ages. It occurs when the dentin, the layer of the tooth beneath the enamel, becomes exposed. This can happen due to various factors, such as tooth decay, gum recession, worn tooth enamel, or cracked teeth.
When the dentin is exposed, the tiny tubules within it can become irritated by hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods and drinks, as well as by touch. This irritation causes the nerve endings in the pulp of the tooth to fire, resulting in a sharp, shooting pain.
Types of Tooth Sensitivities
There are two main types of tooth sensitivities:
1. Dentin Hypersensitivity
This is the most common type of tooth sensitivity and is caused by exposed dentin. It can be triggered by a variety of factors, including:
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Toothbrushing too hard: Using a hard-bristled toothbrush or brushing too vigorously can wear down the enamel and expose the dentin. |
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Acidic foods and drinks: Acidic foods and drinks, such as citrus fruits, sodas, and wine, can erode the enamel and make the dentin more sensitive. |
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Gum recession: Gum recession exposes the root surface of the tooth, which is covered by a layer of cementum that is softer than enamel and more prone to sensitivity. |
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Tooth decay: Tooth decay can weaken the enamel and expose the dentin. |
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Cracked teeth: Cracks in the teeth can expose the dentin and make the tooth sensitive. |
2. Pulpal Sensitivity
This type of sensitivity is less common and occurs when the pulp, the soft tissue inside the tooth that contains nerves and blood vessels, becomes inflamed. This can be caused by:
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Deep cavities: Deep cavities can irritate the pulp and cause sensitivity. |
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Trauma to the tooth: Trauma to the tooth, such as a blow to the face, can damage the pulp and cause sensitivity. |
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Dental procedures: Some dental procedures, such as root canals and crown preparations, can irritate the pulp and cause temporary sensitivity. |
Treatment for Tooth Sensitivities
The treatment for tooth sensitivity depends on the cause and severity of the problem. For dentin hypersensitivity, the following treatments may be recommended:
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Desensitizing toothpaste: These toothpastes contain ingredients that block the tubules in the dentin, reducing sensitivity. |
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Fluoride treatments: Fluoride can help strengthen the enamel and make it more resistant to acid erosion. |
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Gum grafting: Gum grafting can cover exposed tooth roots and protect them from sensitivity. |
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Bonding or fillings: Bonding or fillings can be used to repair small cracks or chips in the teeth. |
For pulpal sensitivity, the following treatments may be recommended:
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Root canal therapy: Root canal therapy removes the inflamed pulp and seals the tooth. |
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Crown: A crown can protect a tooth with a large filling or extensive decay. |
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Extraction: In some cases, the tooth may need to be extracted if the pulp is severely damaged. |
Preventing Tooth Sensitivities
There are several things you can do to prevent tooth sensitivities:
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Brush your teeth gently: Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and brush your teeth gently for two minutes, twice a day. |
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Use a desensitizing toothpaste: Use a desensitizing toothpaste twice a day. |
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Avoid acidic foods and drinks: Limit your intake of acidic foods and drinks, and rinse your mouth with water after consuming them. |
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See your dentist regularly: Regular dental checkups and cleanings can help prevent tooth decay and gum disease, which can contribute to tooth sensitivity. |
If you are experiencing tooth sensitivity, it is important to see your dentist to determine the cause and get appropriate treatment. With proper care, you can manage tooth sensitivity and enjoy a healthy smile.
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